Animal s Ability Foraging Theory - 1663 Words

Introduction Within certain environments such as casinos or betting houses, it is not uncommon to see individuals choose sub-optimally, meaning individuals will often choose options that offer a high reinforcement outcome but with a lower probability of it occurring than a safer choice that would offer less reinforcement but more reliably. In animals, it would be expected not to see this behaviour, for instance, optimal foraging theory (Pyke, 1984) argues that an animal s ability forage ultimately effects there overall evolutionary fitness in terms of ability to survive and the ability for the genes to be passed on. Therefore, choosing risky behaviour would ultimately be a deficit to their survival. However rather Paradoxically, animals do indulge in very similar gambling behaviours to that seen in humans (Stagner Zentall, 2010). Gipson, Alessandri, Miller, and Zentall (2009)was able to show this phenomenon to which they provided pigeons with two alternative keys a 50% discriminative chain, meaning it had two light that represented reinforcement or no reinforcement. A secondly a key that provided food 75% reinforcement on a non-discriminatory chain, meaning that it had a single contingency. what they found was that pigeons would choose the 50% alternative as opposed to the 75% chain despite it providing far more food Stagner and Zentall (2010) at a better rate. Implying that gambling behaviours are visible in animals. The Procedure is where pigeons are provided with theShow MoreRelatedObserver / Demonstrator Personality And Social Learning Retention3326 Words   |  14 Pagesinstincts. Whether or not an animal will make it to adulthood will be determined surviving varying degrees of danger and change. In all cases of adaptive change, an individuals must first discover this rift in knowledge and then communi cate their findings to the rest of the group. Therefore, animals who lack the ability to speak language must communicate through other means. Social learning is a monumental concept within animal learning. For animals who lack the ability to communicate verbally, theyRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture And How Studying Psychology Can Improve Critical Thinking818 Words   |  4 Pagesto absorb information. Eventually, the organism learns to adapt through evolution of the species to the environmental changes. During the evolutionary changes, the organisms hardwiring re-programed for survival. These skills may have included foraging for food, changing physical characteristics, or responding to dangerous situations. Darwinism focused on the evolution of a species by adapting, using natural selection. Natural selection determined the biological modifications essential for aRead MoreEssay on Australopithecines Vs. Homo1492 Words   |  6 Pagesinto our evolutionary past. The molecular clock is a method which determines how long ago a certain ancestor diverged into a new species. Up until the 1960s people believed that humans came into existence twenty million years ago, but Alan Wilson and Vincent Sarich came up with an idea to determine how closely related certain animals were and how much of their DNA was shared. They came up with something called DNA hybridization and mistakenly stumbled upon the molecular clock. Wilson and SarichRead MoreNeuroticism Is A Dimension Of Temperament That Can Potentially Play A Role1057 Words   |  5 PagesPSYS 270 Writing Assignment 3 Neuroticism is a dimension of temperament that can potentially play a role in disorders. Barlow and colleagues (2014) provide an understanding of this role, through the triple vulnerability theory. 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If this rate is positive a fish will grow and if it is negative then a fish will begin to undergo the stresses of losing biomass. Fish bioenergeticsRead MoreEvolution Can Be Scary, Important And Intimidating1618 Words   |  7 Pagessurprise, she stated that evolution contradicted religion and that one could not be a Christian and also believe in evolution. After hearing her entire opinion, I began my rebuttal. I stated that evolution, in easy terms, described a change in an animal/plant over a long period of time. I also wanted to clear up the misconception regarding the ape to human evolution. I stated that humans and apes merely share a common ancestor, but did NOT evolve into one another. Knowing that religion is a largeRead MoreMbuti Culture Essays2460 Words   |  10 Pagesof purged sunlight below a lofty, expansive cloak of trees, where abysmal peace exists with the punctuating cries of the numerous birds and animals that share the forest with the Mbuti. A consistent, peacefully affable warmth, ample rainfall, damp air, and rich earth nurture the abundance of vegetation that grows. The abundance of vegetation benefits animals, birds, and insects that are soon to become a nutrimental source of the Mbuti diet. The culture of the Mbuti derived from their dependents on