Catcher in the Rye As A symbolic of Salingers life - Free Essay Example

Through the years of ancient civilization and culture, two things were always evident and emphasized to the common people; life is hard and death is the inevitable consequence of life. This was the primary focus of different religions of the ancient world to provide a way of life that not only accept the hard truth of life but also teaches how to live life to its fullest. Similarly, Salinger in her book Catcher in the Rye develops her major themes and characters through death itself. Although, this is a merely a piece of the fiction it conveys a similar message to the reader as Holden Caulfield experiences the death of his brother which not only changed him forever but also developed his personality. With the introduction of death, Salinger develops it as its own theme during the story while representing it as a sole cause for how the events unfolded as they did throughout the book. Thus, Alliers death illuminated Catcher in the Rye in two key ways: first, to construct and develop Holdenrs morals and character and second, to develop the main theme of innocence in the story. Primarily, Alliers death not only depressed Holden but deeply affected him which lead to the creation of his absurd morals and his dynamic character. Holden was noted recalling his brother as thousand times nicer than the people you know thatre alive and all and went as far as to suggest that he should be the one dead not his brother (Salinger 117). His feelings towards his brother were of pure love and appreciation and looked upon him as a role model even after his death. Therefore, Alliers death was such a shock to Holden it caused him to break all the windows in the garage and also caused him to rethink his situation and of others around him (Salinger 39). Since then Holden was a changed man from his attitude, to his perspective on life, Alliers death provided a justification for Holdenrs crazy worldview. His hate for ?phonies is created from Holden, who couldnt overcome his brotherrs death, looking at adults around him who cry about movies and plays but when confronted with the d eath of someone loved would suggest getting over it. Holden views this ideology both as hypocritical and flawed and through Alliers death sees him as the catcher in the rye who is destined to preserve innocence from the world. This idea is further linked with him being a teenager, a stage between childhood and the adult world, where he dislikes the adult world and serves to preserve childhood shown through his compassion Phoebe. Another example would be Holden fantasizing about his death claiming to have been pretending I had a bullet in my gut and recalled many instances in which he saw suicide as a way to find relief from his situation and is actually giving importance to his life through his death (Salinger 165). The Holden created from his brotherrs death is one with some similarity but many major differences with its goal to protect innocence in the world especially through children as he sees them as the most innocent from all. These characteristics of Holden are developed due to Alliers Death help not only establish the theme of death itself but also serves to illuminate dynamic characters such as Holden Caulfield. Consequently, Alliers death causes Holden to preserve innocence in the world which further outlines the theme of innocence and illuminates the metaphor of the ?catcher in the rye. Distraught by Alliers death, Holden decides to keep Alliers glove from all the other things he could have chosen he chose a mere glove. Well, this is because he saw himself as the ?catcher in the rye and imagined thousands of little children around nobody big, I mean- except me and it was his dream to catch children falling down (Salinger 224). He sees himself ?catching children from being himself miserable, depressed and thinks it is better for them to always be innocent. Similarly, he expects someone to catch him and alludes Allie requesting him not to let me disappear (Salinger 257). Thus, it was most convenient for him to pick up Alliers glove as a memoir which symbolized his goal to preserve innocence and also reminded him through difficult times that his brother is there for him. He quickly learns through multiple instances in the book that itrs impossible to ?catch all the children and either one has to live with it or not (Salinger 205). The reason Holden is overprotective wi th children also relates to him hating the adult world and the cruelty, artificiality it brings while cherishing innocence and people who protect it. This view broadens the personality of characters such as Jane and Phoebe who protect innocence in Janers case it is sexual assault while in Phoebe case it is the adult world. The theme of innocence is only presented and caused due to Alliers death which indicates that Salinger only meant to represent Alliers death to broaden ideas further down the story. Thus, it is evident to suggest that Alliers death is a major scene in the book as it expresses the theme of innocence and broadens the perspective of the title and the extended metaphor of the ?catcher in the rye. Death, the inevitable truth of life, is one experienced over 7000 times each day alone in the United States. While the reasons might range from diseases to natural cause, death itself comes with grief making loved ones depressed. Although some people get over the deaths of their loved, however many like Holden face difficulties getting through this difficult type changing them drastically over time. Salinger uses this harsh reality of death to not only represent the death of Allie himself but to illuminate her book Catcher in the Rye through certain characteristics and morals of Holden while developing a major theme of innocence. But, the effect of death is not limited to the book itself and might itself be related to the author J.D. Salinger himself. Upon closer analysis of his life, one finds that he too was admitted into a prep school when he was a teen and had a peculiar distaste for them as he too never fit into them. He later was admitted into an army school similar to Holden who would also do the same if the story continued suggesting that Holden and Salinger are the same people. This speculation also comes from the fact that he has repeatedly sued many biographers for making any biographies on him and suggest it as an attack in his personal matters. If Holden and Salinger are the same people then it is plausible that Salinger itself encountered multiple deaths in his life and if so was simply expressing his views through the Catcher in Rye. If so the metaphor of the catcher in the rye might extend and the theme of death might be symbolic of his life making Catcher in the Rye his half-written biography.

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The Basic Facts of 8th Grade Persuasive Essay Topics

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Learning Theories Learning Experience Essay - 1419 Words

Learning Theories 1. Learning experience The learning experience in question is focused on the time a new smartphone was acquired to replace a simple cellphone. The new phone was touch screen type, with Wi-Fi and improved connectivity. In addition, it had Bluetooth capability as well as microUSB capability as opposite to the older phone. The social media and communication applications like WhatsApp, Facebook, Skype, emailing capabilities, and twitter were also part of the new phone. The learning objectives and goals involved learning how to use the touch screen features as opposed to using keypad in the previous phone. In addition, the key was of QWERTY type which was new. Switching between the upper case and low case, special characters, etc. was another objective to be met as well as other keypad settings for maximum and effective use. All the applications required either linkages to personal accounts, such email addresses and Twitter, or creation of new accounts such as WhatsApp accounts which did not exist before. This required learning in order to accomplish successfully. This being a touch screen phone, several of previous habits had to change. Such included how to handle it to avoid scratches which can affect how it performs, and locking the screen after use among others. The applications for the smartphone are updated from time for maximum performance and thus this had to be taken care of in terms of changed behaviors. The earlier phone was handled with less careShow MoreRelatedLearning Theory, Prior Attachment Experience Within Early Years And Educational Reporters1076 Words   |  5 Pagesmathematics lesson; with reference to relevant learning theory, prior attachment experience within early years and educational reporters. 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Established By Registration under Statutoryâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Can the outsider sue the company for the contract that is established by William? If Harry was never appointed as Managing Director, will it affect the status of the contract that is entered by William? Answer: Introducation A company is an entity which is established by registration under the statutory enactment and must comply with the Corporation Act 2001. To run any business there is need of effective personnels. The need in the case of company further arises because a company is an artificial person who works with the help of real persons[1]. The company Directors is the company officers who are assigned with the tasks of running the company and its smooth administration. The recognition to Directors is provided under section 9 of the Act and a person is a director who is placed at such a position. Shadow directors and de facto directors are also considered to be the company directors not because they are positioned at such a place but because they are carrying out all the duties and responsibilities that are associated with the seat of a director and is held in Natcomp Technology Australia Pty Ltd v.Graiche[2]. Thus, they are considered to be a deem director. But, no person who is bankrupt can be placed at a position of director under section 206B of the Act and is held in Re Ansett[3].[4] Another director who is assigned to carry out the management of the company are called Managing Director of the company. Section 198A of the Act empowers the managing director to run the company. Section 198D of the Act also empowered the directors to delegate their duties to other directors or to any other person. So, managing director has the power to delegate his tasks to any other person who acts like an agent of the company and can establish contract on behalf of the company provides the tasks are delegated to him under section 198D of the Act. and is held in Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Austin[5].[6] Thus, a person when designated with the directorial functions can bind the company if he posses authority to do so and is held in Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd[7]. An authority that can be granted under section 198D can be of two kinds:[8] When the principal assign the tasks to his agent expressly either by words or conduct or he may also assignee the tasks by conduct then such kind of delegation is called Actual authority that is posses by an agent through his principal. When the assignment of the authority is directly provided by a principal to his agent comes within the preview of this authority and is held in Bell v Australian Eagle Insurance Co. Ltd[9] When the principal dories not gave authority to an agent director but he makes a representation in front of an outsider which portrays an image that the person is the agent of the principal and is capable to establish a contract with him. This kind of authority is apparent or ostensible authority and any task that is undertaken under such authority is also binding upon the principal and is held in Thames Cruises Ltd v George Wheeler Launches Another[10]. The contract are only binding providing the outsider is not aware of the defect if posed within the authority that is provided by the principal to an agent. Application of law William is bankrupt as per the facts of the case and thus he is prohibited to become the company director under section 206B of the Act. Harry is the Managing Director of the company and is authorized to govern the company as per section 198A of the Act. He is also authorized to delegate his tasks to any other person as per section 198D of the Act. He by pursuing his power under section 198D has delegated his power to make contract to William. Though William is not empowered to become the company director directly but is regarded as a company agent under section 198D of the Act. Harry has delegated his power to William directly and empowered him to negotiate contract but does not enter into the contract. But he makes a representation in front of third party that William has power to make contract, thus, an ostensible authority is created by harry towards William in front of third party. Now, William has established a contract with such third party and such contract is valid and enforceable under the ostensible authority of William. If Harry was not the appointed Managing director of the company, however, he still can be presumed to be one as de facto directors are given recognition under section 9 of the Act. Since harry was carrying out all the tasks of an Managing director thus he will be a deem managing detector and the position of William and the contract established by him will not be affected by the deem position of Harry. William has made a valid contract within his ostensible authority. The status of the contract and William will not be affected if harry is not a managing director as he will be considered as a deem managing director under section 9 of the Act. Relevant law The company once incorporated has to carry out various tasks and activities. These tasks and activities are carried out after complying with many internal proceedings and activities. When any contract is made by the company with the third parties then a third party or an outsider cannot check whether these internal regulations are met or not because they does not have access to the same. So, if any contract is made by the company director for which he is not authored or for which no required approval are met then such contracts will not be approved by the company and it will be a great setback for such third party. So, to protect such third parties or outsider, the corporation Act 2001 has laid down few presumptions which can be availed by him. The same are: Every outsider who is dealing with the company can make few assumptions which are mention under section 129 of the Act. this power is granted to an outsider under section 128 (1) of the Act and is held in Gye v McIntyre[11]. The assumptions under section 129 of the Act can even be availed if a forgery is committed by the officers of the company and this power is enshrined under section 128 3) of the Act and is held in South London Greyhound Racecourses Ltd v Wake[12] Section 12 assumptions can only be availed provided the same are assumed by an outsider in good faith and no knowledge of the discrepancies and is rightly held in section 128 (4) of the Act; The assumptions under section 129 includes: That all company provision must have been complied with (section 129 (1) of the Act); That all officers and directors are duly appointed - section 129 (2) of the Act; All formalities are met before an agent is appointed[13]- section 129 (3)-(4) of the Act. If any document is signed by two directors or a secretary nd director with company seal or without company seal then the document are validly executed section 129 (5) (7).[14] Application of law A company has two directors and shareholders, that is, Maria and David. Maria is in need of money so she desire to secure loan from Bank for worth $100,000. A guarantee has to be issue to bank, so, Maria forged the signature of David and put her own name and executed a guarantee in the name of the bank in order to obtain loan. Now, the signature of David was forged. As per section 128 (4) the assumptions under section 129 can be made by bank even if the document is forged. So, since the guarantee is soign by both the directors, so the bank can assume that the document must have been validly executed as per section 129 (5) (7), so, the assumptions can held the document to be variedly executed. The assumptions can not to be availed only when the outsider is aware that there is defect that is caused by the directors. Conclusion It is thus submitted that Maria has forged the guarantee by outing down his own name and the signatures of David. However, Bank can rely under section 128 (4) and section 129 (5)-(7) and hold that the guarantee is valid in nature and thus can sue the company for the recovery of loan. Reference List Books/Articles/Journals Chapple, L Lipton, P, Corporate Authority And Dealings With Officers And Agents, The Centre for Corporate Law and Securities Regulation (2002). Groves, M and Lee.P. H, Australian Administrative Law: Fundamentals, Principles and Doctrines (Cambridge University Press,24-Sep-2007). Top of Form Bottom of Form Latimer, Paul, Australian Business Law 2012 (CCH Australia Limited, 2012). Plessis, Jean du, James McConvill, Mirko Bagaric, Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance (Cambridge University Press,28-Jul-2005). Case laws Bell v Australian Eagle Insurance Co. Ltd , (1990). Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail Advertising Addressing Co Pty Ltd (1975). Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Austin(1998). Gye v McIntyre (1991). Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1968]. Natcomp Technology Australia Pty Ltd v.Graiche(2001). Pyramid Building Society v Scorpion Hotels Pty Ltd (1996). Re Ansett (1991). South London Greyhound Racecourses Ltd v Wake [1931; Thames Cruises Ltd v George Wheeler Launches Another, [2003] [1] L. Chapple P. Lipton, Corporate Authority And Dealings With Officers And Agents, The Centre for Corporate Law and Securities Regulation (2002). [2] Natcomp Technology Australia Pty Ltd v.Graiche(2001).. [3] Re Ansett (1991). [4] Paul Latimer, Australian Business Law 2012 (CCH Australia Limited, 2012). [5] Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Austin(1998). [6] M Groves and H. P. Lee, Australian Administrative Law: Fundamentals, Principles and Doctrines (Cambridge University Press,24-Sep-2007). [7] Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1968]. [8] Jean du Plessis, James McConvill, Mirko Bagaric, Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance (Cambridge University Press,28-Jul-2005). [9] Bell v Australian Eagle Insurance Co. Ltd , (1990). [10] Thames Cruises Ltd v George Wheeler Launches Another, [2003]. [11] Gye v McIntyre (1991); [12] South London Greyhound Racecourses Ltd v Wake [1931. [13] Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail Advertising Addressing Co Pty Ltd (1975) [14] Pyramid Building Society v Scorpion Hotels Pty Ltd (1996)

The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll free essay sample

Topping the charts in 63 with Love Me Do, and bringing in the highest rated viewing in history while reforming on the De Sullivan Show, the Beetles are definitely a band that broke the sound barrier of rock and roll. They used unique sounds in their music and werent afraid of experimenting in the studio, they even welcomed accidental occurrences and toyed around to get the sound they were looking for. Artificial double tracking was invented during the recording of their album Revolver and also a new technique on mining strings.They paved the way for other British Bands in America and even had full-blown imitators, like the Monkeys, that copied everything from their look, to the spelling error in heir name, and their campaign. They also helped create a whole new genre of music called folk rock. Their influence is still seen in todays musicians, such as the band Oasis, who compare their music constantly to the Beetles. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The impact of the Beetles not only on rock and roll but on Western culture ? is simply incalculable.As musicians, they proved that rock and roll could embrace a limitless variety of harmonies, structures and sounds; virtually every rock experiment has some precedent on Beetles records. Said by the Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll, could not be any more wrong. The Beetles had a huge impact on not just rock and roll, but music as a whole, as well as influencing the technology used to record their music. They werent afraid of experimenting and instead of producing music they produced art. Their influence is seen all over the world, but no one has come close to the fame that was Battlement.The Beetles originated from Liverpool, England and consists Of Paul McCarty, John Lennox, George Harrison, and Ring Starr. They first started playing shows in Hamburg, Germany as a skiffs band in 1960. In 1962 they released their first single Love Me Do, which reached the number one spot n U. S. Charts in May of 63. Their first appearance on the De Sullivan Show in February of 64 brought in over 73 million viewers, the most in U. S. History. By April 1 964, they held the first five places in the Billboard Hot 100.The Beetles were one of the biggest influences on music during the ass and ass. Their music, to this day, remains more widely known than any other music of the rock era. They have brought new sounds and ideas in their music and revolutionized the idea of rock and roll. Their work was always invested with originality, using unique sounds in their music, which is most aromatically seen in SST. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. They used many studio effects on this album, including reverberation, echoes, and reverse tape effects.They experimented with sounds that no other bands used, and had great success with it. They created their own material, breaking the Tin pan monopoly of song writing, setting in motion revolutionary changes in the music publishing industry. They wrote songs for fellow artists and even encouraged the Rolling Stones to write their own music. The Beetles Were the first group to use the recording studio as a writing LOL, building up complex song arrangements by multi-tracking and importing orchestral textures and avian-GA red effects under the guidance of producer George Martin (Salesman). In SST.Poems Lonely Hearts Club Band, instead of using traditional breaks in between songs, one tracked merged into the next, which were linked by studio talk, laughter, electronic noises, and animal sounds. They also used audio tricks involving steam organs, orchestras, sitars, and even a pack foxhounds in full cry at the end of Good Morning Good Morning. The use of animal sounds were actually first used in the Beach Boys album Pet Sounds that the Beetles admired. When asked the Beach Boys where they got their innovation for Pet Sounds, the Beetles Rubber Soul album was what inspired them. A Day In The Life, the last song on the album, featured what Lennox described as a sound building up from nothing to the end of the world (Lazarus) . The song Strawberry Fields Forever fused two different versions of the same song and used reverse-tape cellos for an eerie effect. After George Harrison used sitar on the song Norwegian Wood, other bands like the Birds, Yardarms, and the Rolling Stones, soon followed incorporating Eastern-influence sounds into their work. Paul McCarty once said, Me would say, Try it! Just try it for us. If it sounds crappy, K, v?al lose it.But it might just sound good. We were always pushing ahead: Louder, further, longer, more different (All About Jazz). The Beetles had complete access to Abbey Road studios free of charge, spending hours upon hours experimenting and writing music. They used the studio as an instrument in itself. They were the first band to push musical and technological boundaries. They took advantage of accidental occurrences in he recording process. You can see this in I Feel Fine where there is feedback and also in Long, Long, Long where there is a resonating glass bottle.They also deliberately toyed with situations and techniques that would further chance effects. An example of this is in I am the Walrus, where they used a live mixing of a UK radio broadcast into the fade of the song, and also the chaotic assemblage of Tomorrow Never Knows. Ken Townsend invented artificial double tracking (DAD) during the recording of Revolver because Lennox didnt like singing a song twice. DAD is still widely seed for instruments and voices; however, it is now mostly known as automatic double tracking.Other influences the Beetles had on technology were the use of close mining the strings by engineer Geoff Emeriti when recording. In 1966 that was a radically new way of mining strings, and now it is common practice. The Beetles were also the firsts to use direct injection to record Encasements bass on SST. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. This is done by connecting the bass to the recording console via an impedance matching Del box. The Beetles paved the way for other British bands in America. The Beetles ere the first British group to break into America and since the Beetles were able to have fame in the US, they gave other British bands the possibility Of making it in America. Such bands were Gerry and the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakota, and the Searchers, who were all also managed by Brian Epstein. Other British bands that followed the Beetles were the Rolling Stones, the Who, and the Yardarms. The Rolling Stones had a raunchier dirty bad boy look, different then the clean-cut look of the Beetles. As the sass began, you can see the Beetles influence in artists like Elton John and PinkFloyd. In America, the most blatant imitators of the Beetles were the Monkeys, who even calculatedly misspelled the Anne just like the Beetles. The Monkeys were four actors portraying longhair whimsical musicians; however, their music was actually performed by studio musicians. They copied the Beetles to a tee, including their campaign. Before the Beetles came to the US, their manager Brian Epstein had Capital Records spend $50,000 on a campaign, plastering posters all over the county stating, The Beetles Are Coming, and gave disc jockeys records of interviews with theBeetles to feel like they were actually making personalized interviews. For the Monkeys, The bands label spent $1 00,000 on an ad campaign that involved seventy-six advance men, who distributed thousands of posters proclaiming The Monkeys Are Coming and provided preview records to 6,000 disc jockeys (Statuary 125). After the assassination of President John Kennedy, the whole country was at a low point and the Beetles brought them back to happier times, especially the folk artists. A lot of folk artists felt like the protest was over after Kennedy was killed.Ke nnedy was making a change n the country, but after his death, they felt like there was no more fight left in them. Bob Dylan, one of the major folk musicians Of the era, just gave it all away and went towards the more electrified sounds of the Beetles. Gene Clark, who at the time was part of the folk group the New Christy Minstrels, was on tour when he first heard the Beetles song She Loves You. l must have played it 40 times in the two days the New Christy Minstrels were playing that town, he later enthused. l knew, I knew that this was the future? (Statuary 140).Gene Clark later quit the New Christy Minstrels and formed is own band with Roger Miscuing and a few other former folk musicians. They called themselves the Birds, misspelling it to emulate the spelling error in the Beetles. They combined Delaney folk, vocal harmonies and Beetles music to create folk rock. Other folk bands that switched to folk rock were the Turtles, Paul Simon and Art Gargantuan, and Scotland folk singer Donovan Letch, which Paul McCarty was featured singing with him on his song Mellow Yellow. One other band was Loving Spoonful who owed their debt to Dylan and none other than the Beetles.When new wave and punk music darted in the late 1 sass, their sound and style could still be heard in artists like the Squeeze, the Police, and Elvis Costello. Their music has spoken not only to its own time but to every generation since (Campbell, Broody 168). In the late sass a new style of music called baggy originated from Manchester. The musical devotees sported Ablate-queue haircuts and drew heavily on the sass. They fused Beetles psychedelic with electronic elements taken from the simultaneously developing acid house scene. You can see the Beetles influence in the guitar style and song arrangements of theStone Roses, guitarist John Squire cited them as one of his main influences. The mid ass saw a whole new host of Beetles influenced bands. The band Cast, which was formed by guitarist John Powers in 1994, has Lennox-queue vocals and memorable songs, which are still reaping the rewards. In 1 995 a Liverpool band called the Boo Raddled had both the Beetles pop and psychedelic styles. Songwriter/guitarist Martin Carr told Melody Maker in 1994 that, Theres never been a time when they havent been a part of my life (Salesman). The Gallagher brothers, who formed the group Oasis, lived ND breathed the Beetles.They even named dropped the Beetles whenever they could in interviews. They would write their own melodies and then arrange them in a Ablate-queue style, but with a rocky, attitude-dowsed edge. Its beyond an obsession. Its an ideal for living. Dont even know how to justify it to myself. With every song that I write, I compare it to The Beetles, Noel Gallagher told Q in 1 996 (Salesman). Of the eight years that were the Beetles, no band has received more attention from fans, musicians, and scholars. Their music tells us more about the sixties than any other band.